![]() ![]() Also, the backward velocity of the body in the upright position enhances the wings' net velocity in the US. ![]() In addition to force vectoring, we found that while flying backward, the dragonfly flaps its wings with larger angles of attack in the upstroke (US) when compared with forward flight. The upright body posture was used to reorient the stroke plane and the flight force in the global frame a mechanism known as ‘force vectoring’ which was previously observed in manoeuvres of other flying animals. During backward flight, the dragonfly maintained an upright body posture of approximately 90° relative to the horizon. ![]() The wing and body kinematics were reconstructed from the output of three high-speed cameras using a template-based subdivision surface reconstruction method, and numerical simulations using an immersed boundary flow solver were conducted to compute the forces and visualize the flow features. In this study, we investigated the backward free flight of a dragonfly, accelerating in a flight path inclined to the horizontal. ![]()
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